![]() An everyday example is a pot of water on the kitchen stove. Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure at which liquid molecules will turn into vapor. At a specific combination of pressure and temperature, which is different for different liquids, the liquid molecules turn to vapor. This creates a shockwave that hits the impeller and creates pump vibration and mechanical damage, possibly leading to complete failure of the pump at some stage. As the liquid passes from the suction side of the impeller to the delivery side, the bubbles implode. When cavitation takes place, air bubbles are created at low pressure. It occurs because there is not enough pressure at the suction end of the pump, or insufficient Net Positive Suction Head available (NPSHa). Pump CavitationĬavitation occurs when the liquid in a pump turns to a vapor at low pressure. It is very often specifically avoided in the design of machines such as turbines or propellers, and eliminating cavitation is a major field in the study of fluid dynamics. Since the shock waves formed by collapse of the voids are strong enough to cause significant damage to moving parts, cavitation is usually an undesirable phenomenon. ![]() The most common examples of this kind of wear are to pump impellers, and bends where a sudden change in the direction of liquid occurs. This results in surface fatigue of the metal causing a type of wear also called “cavitation”. Collapsing voids that implode near to a metal surface cause cyclic stress through repeated implosion. Cavitation is a significant cause of wear in some engineering contexts.
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